How George Orwell Grew into the Author of Animal Farm

George Orwell was originally named Eric Blair from Motihari, India, in 1903. Although he was raised in England. He moved to Spain after college where he attended Eton. Because of financial issues he could stay for long. He had trouble making money after colleges and was a struggling writer. He moved to Spain and joined one of the groups fighting against General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War. To stay economically stable after the war partook in all sorts of writing works. In 1941, he got a job with the BBC producer and he got a job developing news commentary and shows for audiences in the eastern part of the English empire. With World War II going on he found himself becoming a propagandist for the British Empire. Orwell resigned in 1943 and became a literary editor for a socialist newspaper. During this time he wrote two of his best known novels, Animal Farm and Nineteen Eighty-Four. Animal Farm was published in 1945, it was an anti-Soviet satire in a pastoral setting wit h the two protagonists being portrayed by pigs. Nineteen Eighty Four was published in 1949. This novel Orwell gave the public a look into what would happen if the government controlled every aspect of everyday life. In both novels he uses satire to send a message to the public. Satire is used to criticize the object of attack, teaching a moral indirectly with a humorous tone. In Animal Farm the attack is on Soviet Russia and the moral lesson is that when the corrupting effect of power isShow MoreRelatedTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesembodiments of everything that author George Orwell hates in government. 1984, a book written by Orwell, depicts a society called Oceania, in which unwary citizens are obedient to the Party, a totalitarian regime. Totalitarianism is defined as a political system in which a centralized government does not tolerate any form of political dissent and seeks to control many, if not all, aspects of public and private life. An other one of George Orwell’s books, Animal Farm, is an allegory about the SovietRead MoreSymbolism, And Imagery In George Orwells Animal Farm1165 Words   |  5 PagesAs a boy, George Orwell felt as if he was alone. He described his school as split into distinct classes. â€Å"There are minority with an aristocratic or millionaire background, there were children of the ordinary suburban rich, who made up the bulk of the school, and there were a few underlings like myself†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (pg. 43 Orwell). Later on, he fought in the Civil War, and then went to become a radio announcer for World War 2. His life experiences inspired â€Å"The Animal Farm†. George Orwell integrated imageryRead MoreGeorge Orwells Contributions to Society1199 Words   |  5 PagesPreface. Animal Farm. By George Orwell. 1996. 50th Anniversary ed. New York: Penguin Books Ltd, 1946. v-xii. Print. Glover, Beaird. Nineteen Eighty-Four. Masterplots, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-3. Literary Reference Center. Web. 5 Apr. 2012. Knapp, John V. George Orwell. Critical Survey Of Long Fiction, Fourth Edition (2010): 1-6. Literary Reference Center. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. ORWELL, George. (n.d.): Funk amp; Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia. Web. 2 Apr. 2012. Orwell, George. NineteenRead MoreReview Of George Orwell s The Road 1923 Words   |  8 PagesReview on George Orwell – The Road to Wigan Pier Course – BA Hons (With foundation) Community studies. Health, youth, and community Module – Reading Modern Society Tutor – Wendy Bateman Student ID – 1608296 Submission Date – Tuesday 6th December 2016 Describe and illustrate an informed opinion based on research and analysis of evidence Analyse information, experiences, and article reasoned arguments through reflection, review and evaluation. Demonstrate an introductoryRead MoreEssay about Burmese Days Review893 Words   |  4 PagesI. Orwell, George. Burmese Days, Harcourt Inc, 1934. 287 pp. Patrick Morgan The World Since 1850 Greenstein Burmese Days Book Review September 27, 2010 II. George Orwell, born Eric Blair was born in Motihari, Bengal, a then British territory of India in 1903. He was very scholarly from a young age and earned scholarships to preparatory schools and both Wellington and Eton colleges. After furthering his education at Eton he joined the Indian Imperial Police Force in Burma. AfterRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Childhood And The Situations2494 Words   |  10 Pagesforce. In the early twentieth century many travesties went unnoticed due to idleness of the people. George Orwell was one of the first writers to ever become fully involved in his writings and take action to discover the truth. Through his actions as a writer Orwell started a chain of events and continue to inspire political policies present today. The aim of this paper is to analyze how George Orwell’s childhood and the situations in which he placed himself during his life contributed to his writingRead MoreAnalysis Of Animal Farm By George Orwell934 Words   |  4 PagesFiction Essay Period 7 17 Sept. 2014 Analyzing Animal Farm In Animal Farm, the author portrays the evil and backstabbing leaders and the oppressed victims themselves. There are many tales of traitorous deceit in the novel. The windmill was a treacherous plan from the start. All crafted by the manipulative brains of the pigs. And it wasn’t too hard to trick the gullible and loyal workforce either. When the ruler Napoleon starts trading with the neighboring farms the situation went all downhill. Blood isRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 And Animal Farm 1401 Words   |  6 PagesTitle/Author: 1984/ George Orwell Date of Publication/Genre: 1949/ Dystopian Fiction Biographical information about the author: George Orwell, who was originally Eric Arthur Blair was born in 1903 in British India. His two greatest novels include 1984 and Animal Farm. He is regarded as one of the greatest novelist of the 20th century. Historical information on the period of publication: During this period, the United Kingdom recognized the republic of Ireland. The United States claimed Israel asRead MoreJohn Orwell s A Brave New World And Its Utopian Run On Pleasure Contrasts Starkly By George Orwell1823 Words   |  8 Pagesmanner and was not a good place. Two other authors took this idea of utopia and spun on end in two completely different fashions. Aldous Huxley in his book A Brave New World and its Utopian run on pleasure contrasts starkly with George Orwell s Utopia based on avoiding pain. Eric Aurthur Blair who wrote under the pen name George Orwell was satirical by nature. Many of his stories reflected the world around him in another manner, such as his book Animal Farm paralleling entirely the rise of communismRead MoreAn Operatic Retelling Of Orwell s Dystopian Masterpiece2095 Words   |  9 Pages 1984: An Operatic retelling of Orwell’s dystopian masterpiece. Kirstie Wooten Shepherd University Abstract This research looks at the Operatic work 1984 based on the 1949 George Orwell novel of the same name. The research centers on the synopsis of the story, inspirations of both author and composer, performers in the opera, as well as its premiere and review. 1984: An Operatic Retelling of Orwell’s Dystopian Masterpiece. As the history of Opera has progressed

Business - 744 Words

Resolving Ethical Business Challenges Brief Summary: This case is about an employee named Lael who was hired by Best East Motels as part of their manager training program. She was extremely excited to be joining the company due to the potential benefits that she may receive after graduation. In the early stages she gained quite a bit of luck meeting her mentor Nikhil, the son of the motel franchise boss. Despite the great beginning of her tenure, she would learn tht her mentor wasn’t really who she thought he was. After investigating an unusually high turnover rate that would consist of mostly female employees, she learned that her mentor Nikhil was presenting an unethical business view for female employees. Many female employees would†¦show more content†¦The best thing for her to do before fully going forward with the allegations is completely analyzing the situation. She may have to think outside the box and find a way that the employees can voice their allegations to the upper management potentially t hrough an anonymous survey. Lael would later have to do something to regain the trust of the female employees as they may fear for how they’ll be treated at their jobs. Research in many organizations shows that customers are more satisfied at work when they are acknowledged for their hard work and creates a better atmosphere for all of theShow MoreRelatedBusiness Analysis : Business And Business2361 Words   |  10 PagesEach business has products or services they want to sell to consumers, whether this is the man on the street or a multi-nation organisation, the difference in which person they targets will depend on what the product or service the organisation is offering Business to Business Business to business markets is, for example where to company engage in a transaction of a product or service, this could be a waste management company removing waste from a warehouse that produce a vast amount of waste. AnotherRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business840 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Business plans are statement of a business goals, reason they are attainable and plans on meeting it’ (FoxBuisness, 2013). A business plan maps the course and gives a detail plan on how these goals are achievable. It is also important to establish a solid business plan for funding. Some small business use venture capital, bank loans, personal funds, and private investors as sources of funding. The business plan must therefore, sell investors. A well-written convincing business plan can buy investorsRead MoreBusiness Functions Of A Business988 Words   |  4 PagesIdentify the business functions MWS will need in order to operate effectively. MWS needs a variety of business functions in order to operate effectively. Identifying the business functions for any organization serves as a starting point in developing its mission statement. As the business of the company is over the internet, therefore, It needs to determine that how the internet will further the information and efforts for communication of the company and with whom the information will be sharedRead MoreDesigning A Business Strategy For Business946 Words   |  4 Pagesas purchase-order systems, gaining multiple approvals for business buys, authorizing multiple account users and developing long-term relationships and business partnerships. Many B2B companies are moving toward using their platforms as marketplaces for multiple vendors, manufacturers and B2B sales companies. Offering house credit is a good first step for positioning a B2B company at the top of the chain for this forward-thinking business strategy. When companies share financial interests,. it sR ead MoreBusiness-to-business and B2b E-marketplace814 Words   |  4 Pageslong-term relationship with just one supplier. Relationships among businesses in B2B are very important. These relationships, characterized by trust and continuity, extend to the IT realm. In the B2B business model, you must provide a level of integration of your IT systems with those of your business partners. The advantages to Volkswagen of developing and using its own proprietary B2B e-marketplace because they spend the money with suppliers, so that its can open and run their own B2B e-marketplaceRead MoreBusiness Plan For A Business1866 Words   |  8 Pages Business Plan Buiness model in theory and practice according to Wikipedia is used for a broad range of informal and forma l descriptions to represent the core aspects of a business, including the purposes of that business, its process, target customers, of ferings, strategies , infrastructure, organizational structures, trading practice, and operational processes and policies . Below, we would look at two kinds of business model (franchise and tradition al business) , their pros and cons, o r theirRead MoreBusiness Activities At The Business Premises1346 Words   |  6 PagesA. Seller has conducted its business activities at the Business Premises under the name of the Business. To the best of Seller’s knowledge and information, no other person or entity has conducted the same or similar Business at the Business premises, and no other person or entity has any interest in or right to use any of the Assets not previously revealed to Purchaser. B. No person, other than third-party trade creditors, has provided Seller with any inventory, equipment, fixtures, or financingRead MoreAre Profits The Only Business Of Business?1523 Words   |  7 PagesAre profits the only Business of Business? What is the corporation’s social responsibility? Many might say the main idea is that a corporation must go further than carrying out their basic function of purely making profits. A corporation must create wealth in ways that avoid under minding society, and instead enrich the society it operates in. The term â€Å"corporate social responsibility† has been deï ¬ ned in numerous ways; from the constricted economic perception of increasing stockholder wealth (FriedmanRead MoreBusiness614 Words   |  3 PagesThe Analysis of Leadership Case Problem A – The Global Insurance Tag Team Identify the teamwork problems that Calvin might be facing Calvin is the director of disaster insurance at a global insurance company and he has his own large department which located in New York. He is also the team leader of ten different representatives around the world. Each team member is responsible for encouraging the sales representatives in offices around the globe to sell disaster insurance. (Dubrin, 2010). Read MoreBusiness3599 Words   |  15 Pagesa selected business, suggesting potential improvements 7 4.1 Delivering customer service in a business 8 4.2 Review own performance in the delivery of customer service and recommendations for improvements 9 Conclusion 9 References 10 Introduction The objective of a business is to make profit and maximize its wealth and to ensure the customer satisfaction with which the business operates its activities. Customer satisfaction is a very important factor for surviving in the business world. Proper

Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Plot Essay Example For Students

Adventures Of Tom Sawyer Plot Essay Mark Twains, The Adventures Of Tom Sawyer, is a story told from the eyes of the young Tom Sawyer. The story takes place in the small rustic town of St. Petersburg Missouri. Tom Sawyer is the main character of the book. Tom is an imaginative young man who always seems to be getting into trouble. Tom is very adventurous, he never passes up a chance to play pirates, robbers, or soldiers. This book has multiple themes but the most important is knowing when its right to talk and tell the truth and when its better to be quiet or lie. At the beginning of the story Tom is introduced by climbing in his window after a long night of cavorting with his friends. Soon after the start of the story Tom meets Huckleberry Fin. Huck is a local outcast of society who likes to live by his own terms. Tom and Huck become good friends. One night the two boys go to the grave yard. While they are there they witness the murder of the town doctor, Mr. Robinson. The boys watched as Injun Joe kills the doctor and frames a drunk by the name of Muff Potter who just happens to be at the wrong place at the wrong time. The boys swear never to speak of this again. Soon after this Tom falls in love with his new neighbor, Becky Thatcher. Eventually the two become engaged but the engagement falls through when Tom accidentally mentions his former love while talking with Becky. The two fued and do not speak. Meanwhile, the whole town is gossiping of the murder of Dr. Robinson and the prosecution of Muff Potter. A trail quickly forms and Muff is put on the stand. Tom knows he can not let the innocent Muff go to jail so as the trial comes to a close Tom testifies, proving Injun Joe guilty. This is the climax of the story. After the trial ends, the man hunt for Injun Joe begins. Tom is treated like a hero, but feels bad knowing that he broke Hucks oath. Becky and Tom soon become friends again after Tom takes Beckys punishment at school for being careless with the teachers things. Becky finds Tom to be very noble. Summer is coming near. Injun Joe is still at large and Tom and Huck are searching for treasure. While searching near an old ghost house one night the two boys over hear Injun Joe talking about some loot that he hid. The boys are determined to find it . As an end of the year celebration, Toms whole class goes on a picnic and on a cave exploration near the wood outside of town. While in the caves Tom and Becky get lost. The whole town searches for them but they are not found. also in the caves Tom sees Injun Joe snooping around. This inspires him to find a way out, which he does. After Tom and Becky are home the caves are sealed, leaving Injun Joe and his treasure locked inside. Injun Joe dies of starvation at the gated entrance of the cave and his treasure is discovered buy Tom and Huck who had found a secret way into the cave. The boys become the richest men in town. Huck decides to break away from the outcast life and moves in with a respectable widow in town. Tom and Huck are happy and rich and they promise to always stay together. The main character of the book is Tom Sawyer. Tom is an imaginative young man. Whenever Tom plays he pretends to be a pirate or Robin Hood and his friends would be his merry men. Just here the blast of a toy tin trumpet came faintly Tom flung off his shirt using it as a belt sticking in it a rude bow and arrow and a wooden sword. Hold on me merry men! keep hid till I blow. page 59 Tom is also very adventurous and loves to go hunting for treasure with Huck. .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd , .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .postImageUrl , .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd , .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd:hover , .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd:visited , .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd:active { border:0!important; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd:active , .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u98f7ba141662fc2d34521ac7b8dc16dd:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The dichotomy of life is made use of again by Ezekiel EssayThere comes a time in every rightly constructed boys life when he has a ragging desire to go somewhere and dig for buried treasure. page 151 This feeling suddenly came upon Tom one day. Tom got Huck and the went to search for treasure by the old abandoned ghost house. Tom often uses his creative imagination to get out of punishment from his Aunt Polly. Tom could make up lies like nobody else. He was very slick. Tom would use his adventures to escape the havoc of daily life. When Tom had a hard day at school or a problem with Sid, he would go on a treasure hunt , or go play Robin Hood in the woods. This book is known to have multiple themes but I tried to connect all of them into one. The presence of truth is the cornerstone of my theme. I believe it can best be summed up by a quote from Alexander Jablokov. The road to truth is long, and lined the whole way with annoying bastards. Tom has many important decisions to make throughout the book. It is his truth that saves the life of Muff Potter during his trial and actually his lie that saves Becky Thatcher from being whippedpage 134. Tom is made out to be this wild conniving little cheater at the beginning of the book, but as the story proceeds Tom begins to mature, tell the truth, show signs of nobility and charisma, and not be such a naughty little boy. Tom goes from boy to man in this book. His view of the importance of truth changes and he understands that in order to do what is right it wont be easy and that there may be some hardships along the way.

Scarlet Letter Story Essays - The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne

Scarlet Letter Story "No man, for any considerable period, can wear one face to himself and another to the multitude without finally becoming bewildered as to which may be true. In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, this quote applies to the two main characters of the novel. It applies to Arthur Dimmesdale in a literal way; he clearly is not the man that he appears to be, and the guilt that goes along with such deception consumes him and, in the end, is the cause for his demise. The quote also applies to Hester Prynne, but in quite a different way. It was not her choice to wear the face that she was forced to wear, but the scarlet letter on her bosom determined how people saw her and, in turn, how she was expected to feel about herself. At first, however, Hester did not consider the sin which she committed as blasphemous and horrible as the people of Boston did, but she was forced to wear the face of an evil doer. For both Hester and Arthur, it was true that they could not live their lives concealing their true emotions. Arthur literally could not live with it, while Hester changed the way she felt on the inside to correspond to her guilty image. At the court house, when Arthur Dimmesdale was pleading for Hester to reveal the name of the man with whom she had an affair, it was clear that a part of him actually wanted everyone to know that it was he who was the guilty one. "Be not silent from any mistaken pity and tenderness for him; for, believe me, Hester, though he were to step down from a high place...better were it so, than to hide a guilty heart through life,"(47). When this plea is made, it at first glance appears to be quite ironic. The actual man who committed the crime is trying to convince his accomplice to do him in. However, this statement shows that Arthur was not simply a confused man; it was much more extreme that that. He was "bewildered to the point where a part of him really wanted Hester to let the whole town know that it was he who was the guilty one. Whether he meant to or not, Arthur did sound extremely convincing in his speech, which makes the reader understand that he was being pulled in two completely opposite directions. A part of him wanted more than anything to have the weight of this secret sin lifted from his conscience; another part of him, arguably the practical part, knew that he could never let the people know the truth. His facade and image were much too important not only to him, but to the entire community. If he had admitted to everyone what he had done, then he would have been seen, not only as a hypocrite, but a betrayer of everyone's trust. Some people inthe community might have even started doubting the religion because, if this man who they considered holy and righteous, could not live a sin free life, then how could they? Clearly, Arthur was asking these questions as well, and the world in which he had lived in a had served so faithfully in was beginning to close in on him. It was because of this that his health began to fail and his body could, at the end, no longer handle the weight and sadness of his soul. His spirit had been lost long before his body gave out. Both Hester and Arthur struggled with the question of whether or not what they had done was a true sin and whether or not there was utter truth in the words and ideologies of the towns people. The two of them did not simply sleep together out of lust and recklessness; they were truly in love and, at the time, they both believed that what they did "had a consecration of its own"(134). This meant that there was an aspect of holiness in what they did; it was something pure and even sacred to them at the time. Whether they were truly in love, or whether it was passion, or a combination of the two, both Arthur and Hester were faced with the question of whether what they did was truly a sin. They had to ask themselves an extremely difficult question and what the people of Boston thought was irrelevant to the question, because they were dealing with the way that God felt and

Celebrities essays

Celebrities essays A star is defined as an artistic performer or athlete whose leading role or superior performance is acknowledged. These stars play too intricate a part of our lives. Despite what many people believe, celebrities are the same as you and I. These people are entertainers and are not superior to the every day, nine to five, average, work person. They are doing their jobs as we are doing ours. Anytime a person turns on the television these days, it is almost impossible not to see a celebrity being honored in some way. The Total Request Live (TRL) show is such an example. The television show takes place in a downtown, New York, corner building. Outside the show is a hoard of adoring fans wanting to see celebrities, as well as to be seen on television themselves. There are numerous people who bring outrageous signs in hopes of getting the camera turned onto them. These are the types of people who are led by celebrities; they follow their every move, and try to emulate them in some fashion. These are also the people, who, if ever they would encounter a celebrity wouldnt know what to say, for fear of getting embarrassed in front of their idol, their favorite celebrity. The celebrities thrive on this energy and popularity. It is what keeps them above the rest of us when they actually arent. There are, however, the celebrities that dont think that they are better than the rest of humanity, and have more time for their fans than to just make them buy their album or watch their movie. I have personally encountered a few of these rare celebrities. I am a musician and I enjoy going to concerts to watch other musicians. One of my favorite concerts to go to was Lilith Fair. Lilith Fair is a celebration of women in music. It features many acts with either an entire female ensemble, or simply a female vocalist. It was also founded by one of my favorite bands leade ...

Time Management Strategies for Students

Time Management Strategies for Students Time Management Strategies for Students How Not to Let Game of Thrones  Fail Your Exams It’s 9 pm and you got a fresh new season of Game of Thrones to watch! But, first you promise yourself only 1 episode. Half way through the video you are hooked and by the time it ends, you throw your hands in despair, John Snow and the White Walkers! I have got to know what happens next! Soon enough you end up watching the entire series. Whew †¦ That was one hell of a season. You suddenly notice its morning, and remember you have a Math exam just in two hours! Two hours!? It’s all your fault, Starks and Lannisters! It’s a matter of urgency and you can’t let Game of Thrones fail your exams! Well, let’s identify the problem. The challenge you face is poor time management. Time management is simply planning, prioritizing, delegating, controlling, understanding yourself and identifying your problematic habits. Once you know how to manage time you will be surprised how easily you can accomplish a lot of activities in only 24 hours! Planning You need to make a comprehensive plan besides a simple to-do list. Your plan should include how you target to carry out an effective time management routine. Before that find free online resources, read article, books and keep on changing your plan when necessary. Prioritizing Divide your work into four main areas: Urgent Put all the urgent work in this area, for instance, upcoming exams, assignments or quiz. Moreover, allocate the most of your time in this zone. Plan to do This is perhaps the most essential part but you have to give it the second most importance. This part usually includes work that matters to you. For instance, researching or networking with other student, scheduling and planning other work related activities. Reject Explain Put here work that causes useless distractions such as email notification or requests from others. Resist and Cease You must try to spend the least amount of time for work that involves in this region such as meaningless doodles, watching Game of Thrones marathon, or listening to songs. Delegating First, take the free delegation review form to see how good you are in this matter. Second, follow these simple steps in a sequent manner: Define the task Select the individual or team for the assignment Provide resources Delegate the task to the individual or team Make a feedback system Review Controlling You have an effective plan or a routine. What happens when you fail to abide by it? You end up letting Game of thrones fail your exams all over again! You must practice your routine and use your plan in a controlled manner until you are accustomed to it. Understanding yourself Understand yourself and the conditions you work best in. Ask yourself these questions:- Do I study better under pressure? Do I study better in a calm or a busy environment? Which time of the day am I most productive? Identifying problematic habits Everyone has some problematic habits such as procrastinating, checking the phone every 5 min, chatting with friends while working, taking a break every now and then and so forth. You must identify all the awkward habits in order to address these matters as soon as possible. See? Time management is not an impossible task. Once you apply this knowledge as well as other resources available you can easily manage your time and if you are smart enough you might even be successful at acing exams that you claim you have no time to study for! Our term  paper writing service can be very useful for you during your exams in college and university.

Krumboltzs Theory - Journal Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Krumboltzs Theory - Journal Critique - Essay Example The article by Thoresen, Hosford, and Krumboltz, ‘Determining Effective Models for Counseling Clients of Varying Competencies’, also highlights how the difference in the social modeling techniques also has a clear impact on the behavior of the clients and observers. The authors have used the theory suggested by Krumboltz and have based the entire research to support the theory and provide a better view of the social background and its impact (Thoresen, Hosford and Krumbolte). The Krumboltz’s case teaches clearly that one of the major factors while deciding a career plan for a group of people is to consider the race and creed and also keep in mind the previous history of learning as it would assist in better planning for the students and create a more effective career development plan. The theory by Krumboltz has a allows a chance to increase the associative learning experience and also allows the individuals to react well to factors like gender, race, creed and al so including factors like both the planned as well as unplanned occurrences as well. Another very essential factor that has been included and provided in the article by   (Spoth, Trudeau and Guyll), clearly indicates the importance of family intervention and how these interventions in the previous stages can clearly have an impact on the young adults and also abstain them from getting addicted to unhealthy habits. This also highlights, Krumboltz’s theory and contributes to the theory to quite a great extent. The article also provides a clear interlink of how the intervention of a parent or a family can lead to a delayed or no use of any substance by the young adults. Together it is essential to note that the four main factors that affect the career decision making include: a) Genetic Endowment and special abilities, b) Environmental conditions and events, c) Learning Experience and d) Task Approach Skills. Irrespective of the schools or the area where the schools are locate d the various authors and scholars have noted that the intervention of family has a major impact on the young adults and this impact can help them make very important decisions in their lives (Spoth, Trudeau and Guyll).

Walmart Business Success Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Walmart Business Success - Essay Example The essay "Walmart Business Success" talks about the rise of Walmart in American business arena. It is the largest private company in the US and employs over 2 million people. Since its inception in 1962, the company has risen through the economic and social thickets to become the largest retail store in the world. The rise of Walmart during the post war economic climate can be attributed to the aspect of technology and innovations in the business sector. Logically, technological logistics played a substantial role in bolstering and streamlining the business activities practiced by Walmart stores. However, the integration of capitalism and some social values like ethics and religion contributed immensely to the rise of the retail store. Walmart’s management appreciated the aspects of the free enterprise, Christianity and family values in the company’s business activities. These aspects of capitalism and social responsibility could be seen in their production, supply and the employment relationship to the larger southern population of the American community. Degradation of American capitalism during the World War 2 affected the south. The post-war economic climate created resource imbalance within the state whereby the north dominated productivity while the majority of the south got disadvantaged. Walmart undertook to rejuvenate capitalism and address economic injustices experienced by the rural population. The store’s management implemented the values of Christianity, family values, and the free market. and free market in their business relationships with the society (Moreton 87). Free enterprise refers to an economic state where the forces of supply and demand influence business activities. According to Moreton, the consumer population follows the availability of the desired products in the market. In addition, the demand forces and the necessity level of those products in their lives influence their consumer behavior. In the context of Wa lmart, the stores embraced the need of employing free market policies in their production lines protected by the capitalistic state of US economy. Though capitalism was part the US economic pillars, the consequences of World War 2 affected its operation. Based on this, Walmart moved to meet the demands of the society' members residing in the rural areas including other members concerned with the issue of free enterprise. As a result, the forces of demand guided the production and supply lines of the store. Walmart strived to avail exactly what the consumers required at economically friendly prices. Walmart allocated some resources to marketing research exercises meant to provide the actual picture of the consumer demands in each market segment. Upon identification of their needs, the stores responded by availing the goods to the population. In addition to the practices of free enterprise, Walmart left the forces of supply and demand to guide their pricing activities. Consequently, t he capitalistic aligned members of the society embraced the free enterprise practices of the company (Moreton 45). The rural population liked the free market activities of the company; hence the

Overview of the Annual Report and Form 10k and the Balance Sheet Essay Example for Free

Overview of the Annual Report and Form 10k and the Balance Sheet Essay I should be able to understand your answer and see what the numerical support is without looking at your tables. For all problem sets, please show tables and calculations with each answer (unsupported answers will be marked wrong), not in separate tables. I should be able to look at your tables or calculations and see what the answer should be without actually reading it. And I should be able to read and understand your interpretation of a table without having to look at it. Clearly show and label any and all calculations. Your output should look professional. 1. Corporate Message: What does Coca Cola’s 2012 Annual Review tell you about the message the company wants to convey to its readers? Point out examples to support your discussion. 2. Describe the three types of Coca Cola’s bottling relationships. Name the significant companies that are accounted for by the equity method. Does Coca Cola have a controlling interest in these companies? Explain and demonstrate why or why not? What would the company’s balance sheet look like if Coke were to account for its publicly traded equity method investments at fair value rather than using the equity method? . Except for Property, plant, and equipment, what was Coca Cola’s largest single asset (not asset category) at 12/31/2012? How does it compare to 2011? Why do you think it increased? What was its relative impact on the change in total assets? Which component of Coca Cola’s balance sheet is the primary factor causing the company’s change in total assets fro m December 31, 2011 to December 31, 2012? How much did this factor change by relative to (i. e. , as a percentage of) the change in total assets? 4. Income Tax: Is Coca Cola’s effective (i. e. , average) tax rate more or less than the U. S. federal (â€Å"statutory†) rate? What is the primary reason(s) that it was more/less in 2012? 5. Look at Coke’s 10K. For 2012, is the amount of dividends declared equal to the amount of dividends paid? What are these amounts? Where did you find them? Did dividends declared increase, decrease, or remain the same – per share and in total, compared to 2011? 6. Prepare a 2011 and 2012 common size balance sheet for Coke. Comment on differences between the two. A common size balance sheet is one for which each item in the balance sheet is divided by total assets. Download Pepsi’s 2012 10-K from Pepsico. com 7. Using the information in Pepsi’s 2012 10-K, calculate the company’s a. Total market value for 2012 and 2011. b. Book value to common shareholders for 2012 and 2011 (Hint: Pepsi does not have dividends in arrears on their preferred shares. Use Pepsi’s call price located in the footnotes for the preferred stock claim. Just subtract the total preferred stock call price amount from total stockholders’ equity. c. Market to book value ratios for 2012 and 2011. d. How do the above ratios for Pepsi compare to those of Coca Cola for the same two years? How do you interpret any differences? 8. Make a common size balance sheet for Pepsi for 2012 (round your percentages to 1 decimal place – i. e. , the same as 0. xxx ) Examine the two companies’ common size balance sheets. What do you notice about a. Cash and cash equivalents b. Net receivables c. Current liabilities d. Long term debt What do you think any significant differences between these ratios might mean? Do you notice any other significant differences between Coke and Pepsi? 9. Working capital: Working capital equals total current assets minus total current liabilities. How much working capital does Pepsi have at 12/31/2012 and 12/31/2011? How much working capital does Coca Cola have at 12/31/2012 and 12/31/2011? Can you directly compare the two companies’ working capital? Why or why not? If not, how could you make them comparable? Are the two companies experiencing similar changes in working capital?

Is the Cause of Terrorism Islam, or Foreign Policy? :: September 11 Terrorism Essays

Was the Cause of September 11 Islam or Foreign Policy? George W. Bush has taken a stand on the true nature of Islam, calling it, for instance, a "religion of peace." As strange as this is to hear from the president of the United States, Bush's declarations have given rise to a good deal of useful public discussion about Islam. Unfortunately, this discussion has too often accepted the confused terms of the president's rhetoric: Is there, or is there not, something wrong in the nature of Islam? Salman Rushdie ("Yes, This is About Islam," New York Times 11/2/01) and Jonathan Ebel ("Territory is Not Mind," Sightings 11/15/01) both make some useful points in the process of taking up the question, but somehow leave standing the president's fundamental misconception that a religion has an essence. Surely it is not fair to say that September 11 is "about" Islam. Violent hatred and intolerance can be adduced in too many corners of the religious world to imagine that it comes, simply, from the doctrines of one holy book or another. At the same time, it is difficult for me to blame Salman Rushdie, especially, for perceiving something within Islam today that is prone to violence. His non-violent, literary attack on Islam was, after all, taken by some Muslims to justify very real threats to his life. And, he marshals some reasonable evidence that many Muslims do believe that Islam is on board with the September 11 terrorists. Still, we ought not to declare that September 11 is "about" Islam, especially if this means that we ignore "foreign policy, humanity, global society, and the just ordering thereof"-- which Ebel says are obviously what September 11 is also "about." Ebel's list implies that a larger, broader causal story needs to be told, rather than simply to say that Islam gave us the horrors of September 11. I agree wholeheartedly. Believing too simplistic a causal story carries both moral and practical flaws. If Islam itself -- or something in its nature -- was the cause of the attacks, we could only prevent further attacks by preventing further Islam. In this way, such a simplistic belief would tend to sanction persecution if not genocide against Muslims. From a practical standpoint, we will have to understand the details of the real, long-term causal story if we wish to minimize the threat of repeated terrorism in America.

“Piano and Drums” poem by Gabriel Okara Essay

Commentary – Piano and Drums by Gabriel Okara In Gabriel Okara’s poem, â€Å"Piano and Drums†, Okara expresses his feelings and thoughts of a primitive society in contrast to a western society. Being an African himself, and having studied in a western society, the poem reflects the confusion in his emotions as well as the loss of self-identity. The title of the poem itself, â€Å"Piano and Drums† displays a sense of dissimilarity and contrast as the instruments are so unalike in terms of sophistication. Throughout the entire poem, Okara incorporates the instruments to further express, through music, how the speaker is feeling. By using well-structured stanzas and poetic devices such as imagery, symbolism, sensory detail, personification, and diction, Okara is able to immerse the readers into the difficulties of cultural conflict and the confusion of a person in the midst of the two contrasting societies. Throughout the progression of the poem, there is a constant use of images to assist in displaying Okara’s conflicting emotions about the two separate worlds. Poetic devices Some of the most important poetic devices utilized in this poem by Okara are imagery, symbolism, sensory detail, personification, and diction Figures of speech The themes Piano and Drums is a poem which basically themed and created by two different and opposing culture in the poem, the piano culture and drums culture which suggested by the poet whenThe culture of drums is straight forward, and direct, and this just like the world and culture in the ancient years which before civilization. People do not hide their real selves, showing and communicate without pretending as well as showing what they really are in the wordings, ‘raw’, ‘primal’, and ‘rugged’. They call out for danger by beating drums as to warn others, although the world is competitive.

Remembering Our Heroes

Some heroes will not be forgotten because they are written into textbooks for schools, Poe peel related to them ell others about their heroics and stories about them so people can know ho w heroic they were and as long as there is religion there will be the heroes to the religious that WI II be remembered. Some heroes will be remembered forever because they are written into text kooks for schools. The story of Achilles is remembered by tons of people because of TEX taboos. In history classes, kids are taught about the story of Achilles during history classes in mi del school and high school because he was a hero from thousands of years ago.Achilles is a prime example of why people will remember some heroes through. People remember Moses FRR mom ancient Egypt through teaching from textbooks. In history classes and through chi arches an d religion, his story is taught to the younger generations about how he saved the Jews from slaver y and became a hero. When it comes down to it, it do es not matter what era a hero is from, if t he deed of a hero is heroic enough, teachers will teach the next generations about that hero. Nielsen Heroes will be remembered because relatives of them will tell of their heroic efforts to people so they will know of them.We know of hero's who have died in battle because their relatives told others about what they did for their country. In WWW, the soldiers RSI who won the medal of honor, but died in battle are talked about by their families for their h Eric efforts. WWW hero's are talked about and not forgotten because of their families. When a h age crisis that affects an entire nation occurs families of the hero's who died in the crisis will remember them forever. The families of the hero's from the 9/11 crisis remember their loved o one's everyday and speak of their courageous efforts to save the wounded.If it was not for those heroes, there would be hundreds of people who would not have survived the 9/11 crisis that did. There will be some heroes that will be remembered as long as there is religion n. The hero to the Christians and Jews, who is known as the messiah, is named Jesus. He s written about in bibles and known as a hero to the two religions because he died for them, too k away and forgave their sins. He died about two thousand years ago and is still remembered Todd ay through the holiday, Christmas. Abraham is known as the father of Christianity, Judaism, a ND Islam.He intentioned to praise the lord and continued to teach his two sons about the 10 rd. His son Isaiah continued on the Jewish and Christian religions while the other son that Bra ham had with his slave had continued on the Islamic religion. If it was not for the faith of Abram am, three of the biggest religions in today's world would not be around today but they still are and are taught to billions of people around the world. In conclusion, some heroes will be remembered forever because the relatives of the heroes will tell of their heroi c efforts so people will know and because the her sees are written into textbooks for schools.

Business Organization Essays

Business Organization Essays Business Organization Essay Business Organization Essay To have a copy is a property but not to depend on others as we give value on such things. Through the sense of modernization deferent machines are created, Like printing machines that we can now easily have a duplicate through this. Copra ala DESK was inspired by the name of each partner pertaining to the given name Diana, Reran, Willower and Katherine through this combination to form the word DESK and Copra was the Latin word in medieval period of what we call today the word copy which means to have another or to duplicate. It Is the favored decision of all ratters intends to give name in the business to symbolize the oneness of every individual to turn into partnership. The proposed business was intending to give a service on the target market, with an affordable price. Since we are the first who Introduce the Ipso Print service and offers other service for a cheapest price In the neighborhood, otherwise of giving a high-quality documents and digital photo printing. Vision / Mission Statement Vision Copra ala DESK virtue that in five years time of service will have a branch nationwide through having continuous Improvement on our business to meet customers needs ND wants and mangling Its properties as well as be a remarkable printing worldwide. Mission Get the loyalty of all potential customers and be a crowd-leaser that gives them a high quality service In spite of Its affordable price. Project Objectives The business project objectives are: To earn profit and able to afford more supplies with less cost. To have an update of every latest and having an upgraded equipment. Serve with a good service and management. Treat them as one of our partners. Makes them comfortable through nature of business. Provide their needs ( e. G other offer card reader) Project Background / Industry Outlook Copra ala DESK is a service type of business that will provide the needs of target market since the business are located between of two schools. Therefore, we are probably targeting all students and teachers as well, as we believe Having the right service at the right place is the key for our good operation. That Is why partners consider this to make the business comfortable and safe. In that area where average level of lifestyle of people is such a big advantage to offer them the ipso-net where coins of yours. Proponent Partners Name Citizenship Percent (%) Capital Reran T. Estonian Filipino 25% 125,000 Willower JOY E. Diced Filipino 25% 125,000 Katherine Albanian Filipino 25% 125,000 Diana JOY Esprit Filipino 25% 125,000 Total 100% 500,000 Title / Â  Copra ala DESK Copra ala DESK was inspired by the name of each partner pertaining to the given name Diana, Reran, Willower and Katherine through this combination to form the word DESK and Copra was the Latin word in medieval period of what we call today the word copy which means to have another or to duplicate. We chose this name because we will be personally run the business and to be attached as part-owner of the business. Type of Business Organization Our business organization is partnership. The four of us decided to engage in this business as partners because it is easy to form and to dissolve. Location of business Our business is located in Ailing-Lang SST. Corner Camas SST. TTS Cruz subdivision, almanac II Alas Pains City. We chose this location because we see great opportunity in this area due to the number of population there. This service is where they can find friends or a partner that will support in their needs by providing them a document photo printing, photocopy, scanning, rush ID, internet and landlines in an affordable rice. The business form is a general partnership composes of four partners that will contribute for the capital of the business and who will manage the operation. Description of the Service The printing is considered one of the most important inventions in history. This device has made it possible for books, newspapers, magazines, and other reading materials to be produced in great numbers, and it plays an important role in promoting literacy among the masses. It was developed based on early principles of printing, and it has undergone many modifications over the years to meet the needs f people in different eras. In both China and Egypt, the use of small stamps for seals preceded the printing of paper or papyrus. This was also the case in China. The process is essentially the same in Europe special presentation impressions of prints were often printed on silk until the seventeenth century. And lately invented the Paleography (also called surface printing), often abbreviated to flex, is a method of printing most commonly used for packaging (labels, tape, bags, boxes, banners, and so on),and then will invented the by Xerox in the sass. Base on the Wisped, he printing press continue become modern and become demanded now a days. Example of printing. Lithography press for printing maps in Munich. Yuan Dynasty woodblock edition of a Chinese play Description of the Founders of Firm Reran T. Estonian, 27 years old, college graduate of four years course of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management. Has a working experience in Jollied while he is in third year at the age 19. Because of, his family life situation he learned to sacrifice and pursue to his dreams. He is now one of the popular business men in the country. Willower Joy E. Diced, 26 years also a college graduate of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management. She experienced to be a Jollied crew when she was in second year. Even her family have an own means of income, she chose to provide a solution on her own problem in terms of financial matters. The result of all her hard work brings her into a successful life. Katherine Albanian, 26 years old a college graduate of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management. She is a financial analyst of a firm and also a part time professor. Diana Joy Esprit, 21 years old and freshly graduate of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management. Her hobbies are making accessories that can be sold. One of her virtue is to put up a business that connected to her interest but she is currently managing the business of her family. Source of Information A. Sampling Technique Survey: Random Sampling The partners conducted the study through survey and with the use of random sampling of giving questionnaires personally to the respondents to obtain the primary data. Thus, the questionnaires were distributed around the place and dents teachers where school are near with our business. B. Interview We also conduct some interview from different shops in line with our service offered, Mutational City, somewhere in Mutational City, Banyan and around the place where business are going to put up or our possible competitors. They help the partners to analyze the problem and things needed to do to supply the demand of people and having a contribution to understand the operations that occur in the business C. Other Sources Table of References Conversationalist. Com. PH/ http://en. Wisped. Org/wick/Main_Page It. Gob. PH/ Ass. Gob. PH/ Philately. Gob. PH/ Vagabonding. Gob. PH/ Dole. Gob. PH/ Cookbook. Net Officeholders. Com. PH Benson. Com. PH Chapter 2 Market Study Analysis of the Market The target market of the firm is the resident of Ailing-Lang Corner of Zamia SST. T. S Cruz Subdivision Almanac II, Alas Picas City as it was chosen by partners because of the firm is in between two schools; the Elementary School and High School. Since other printing shops are costly we take this opportunity for as to serve the people in hat area with an affordable price but in high-quality of service. The project take the advantage of area where in there is a lot of students and the life level is in the medium-class. We use to have a safe and comfortable place for all our potential customers regardless of their status, lifestyle, and personalities as long as the business or service provides their needs.

How to Become a Better Essay Writer

How to Become a Better Essay Writer Any fourth grader can write an essay about what they did for their summer vacation. Unfortunately, that isn’t going to help you much in college. In order to really excel in college – no matter what you plan on studying – you need to know how to improve your essay writing skills to match the expectations of your professors. That way, your college-level intellect isn’t lost behind the essay skills of an elementary student. Know What a Thesis Is A â€Å"thesis† is the main argument of your paper. It includes a subject and an opinion, and it usually is at the end of your opening paragraph. Wrong: This essay will be about how smoking can be positive for some people. Right: For 85 years, smoking has been one of the leading causes of cancer in the U.S. During that time, smokers have lost increasing ground when it comes to where and when they can participate in this very personal activity. Despite the trend away from smoking, there are many organizations that actively fight for the rights of smokers around the world. Even though smoking might be detrimental to health, it is important that smokers’ rights not be infringed upon any further. Avoid Using â€Å"In this essay† Readers understand that you are going to reveal some topic in this essay, not in any other essay or not in your story on Instagram. Wrong: In this essay, I will explain how smoking is really awesome and how everyone should do it. Right: Smoking can have positive mental health and addiction recovery properties that deserve consideration in the smoking policy debate. Beware the Five-Word Sentence Wrong: This is a five-word sentence. So is this one here. Five word sentences are cool. Still, they get boring quickly. Right: Instead of using short, choppy sentences, consider changing it up. Create a long, interesting sentence. Then, add in a little one. You are going to have a much more interesting essay, and it will be less likely to sound like a fourth grader wrote it. Never Use a Hypothetical Question to Start Your Essay This is a telltale sign of an inexperienced essay writer. Instead, use a hook to get your reader interested in what you’re saying. Wrong: Do you think smoking is cool? Well, there are a lot of people who think so, too. Right: Quote – Mark Twain said, â€Å"Giving up smoking is the easiest thing in the world. I know, because I’ve done it thousands of times.† Statistics – In 2010 alone, the federal tax on cigarettes made over $15.5 billion in revenue for the U.S. government. Shocking statement –Smokers don’t have the same rights as other citizens, and that has been proven by science and policy. Description – Grey’s Smoke Shop sits on the abandoned corner of 5th and Main in Lincoln, Alabama. The store, which has been a colorful haven for senators and blue-collar workers is breathing its last shuddering breath in the light of the newest spate of cigarette tax laws. Metaphor – In the world of policy-makers, cigarette lobbyists are the barnacles that every member of congress is trying to scrape off their Italian leather shoe. Use Transition Words and Phrases One of the biggest mistakes that novice essay writers make is avoiding transitions in their writing. This is a huge differentiator for your writing, and can make you instantly look like you know what you’re talking about. Wrong: The federal tax on cigarettes made over $15.5 billion in 2010. That’s not enough money for the government. They’re planning on making it even harder for smokers to pay for their habit. The Obama Administration recently released a statement that said that the federal tax will increase by $4 per pack over the next four years. Right: In 2010 alone, the federal government made over $15.5 billion from cigarette taxes. Still, that doesn’t seem to be enough. The Obama Administration recently made it clear that, over the next five years, purchasing cigarettes will be more expensive than ever. Consequently, the price of a carton of cigarettes will increase by $4 by the year 2018-2019. By keeping these five simple tricks in mind, you will instantly have a more mature and interesting essay writing style. Remember: you have plenty of unique ideas. You don’t want to hide them behind silly essay-writing mistakes. By the way you can always turn to our essay writers for help.

Common Biases in Self-perception Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Common Biases in Self-perception - Essay Example 387). People reactions in situations originate in the very perceptions. In order to change people’s reactions and responses to the challenges of everyday life, it is imperative that biases in self-perception, factors governing the self-perceptions, people’s tendency and willingness to change their self-perceptions for the better, and possible ways to achieve this are explored. A very common misconception about the perceptions is that they are passive and are created as a result of an individual’s recorded information about the subject from the past experience. In reality, perceptions are active and create reality rather than recording it depending upon an individual’s response to the stimuli (Curry, Meyer, and McKinney, 2006, p. 28). Self-perceptions play a big role in the quality of performance of an individual. Yammarino and Atwater (1993) proposed a model according to which accurate self-perception leads to better individual and organizational outcomes whereas inflated or deflated self-perception leads to diminished or mixed results respectively. The behavior and psychology of an individual is different when he/she is working as part of a group from when he/she is working alone. Generally, people tend to have self-serving biases when they are being part of a team. They tend to take credit for the team’s successes while indulge in a blame-game to avoid the responsibility of failure (Taylor and Doria, 1981, p. 210). Factors that help an individual carry accurate self-perceptions include but are not limited to high self-esteem, knowledge, and good critical analysis skills. Reifenberg (2001, p. 627) found that people who make good judgments about their performance have higher internal attributions than others whose judgments are not quite as good. Lack of the skill to respond accurately to particular situations at hand arises from lack of people’s awareness of their lack of ability to differentiate between the accurate a nd inaccurate response to the very situations. This essentially means that rather than being ignorant of their lack of skill to respond accurately, such people are ignorant about their ignorance. Instead of realizing their deficiencies, these people tend to overestimate their skill of responding in the right way thinking there is no problem all which is how their ignorance works. People with low talent are more optimistic about their performance as compared to the people with high talent. Indeed, the latter are slightly pessimistic about their performance not because they underestimate their own skills, but because they tend to overestimate the skills of others, whereas actually others are not as good at responding in the right way as they are. On the other hand, the optimism of the people with low talent originates in their lack of knowledge, thus causing them more trouble with their metacognitive judgments. Failure of these people to realize their incompetence is because of the fa ct that they are doubly cursed in that they are not only unable to make the right response but are also unable to differentiate between the right and wrong response. â€Å"[I]ncompetence means that people cannot successfully complete the task of metacognition, which, among its many meanings, refers to the ability to evaluate responses as correct or incorrect† (Dunning et al., 2003, p. 85). Others’

Business Statistics Homework Speech or Presentation

Business Statistics Homework - Speech or Presentation Example What proportion of brook trout caught will be between 12 and 18 inches in length? 8. The discrete random variable X is the number of students that show up for Professor Smiths office hours on Monday afternoons. The table below shows the probability distribution for X. What is the expected value E(X) for this distribution? 10. The time required for a citizen to complete the 2000 U.S. Census "long" form is normally distributed with a mean of 40 minutes and a standard deviation of 10 minutes. The slowest 10% of the citizens would need at least how many minutes to complete the form? 11. On average, a major earthquake (Richter scale 6.0 or above) occurs 3 times a decade in a certain California county. What is the probability that less than six months will pass before the next earthquake? 17. On a Sunday in April, dog bite victims arrive at Carver Memorial Hospital at a historical rate of 0.6 victims per day. On a given Sunday in April, what is the probability that exactly two dog bite victims will arrive? 19. If the mean time between unscheduled maintenance of LCD displays in a hospitals CT scan facility is 4,000 operating hours, what is the probability of unscheduled maintenance in the next 5,000 hours? 21. In Melanies Styling Salon, the time to complete a simple haircut is normally distributed with a mean of 25 minutes and a standard deviation of 4 minutes. What percent of customers require less than 32 minutes for a simple haircut? 22. A large number of applicants for admission to graduate study in business are given an aptitude test. Scores are normally distributed with a mean of 460 and standard deviation of 80. What fraction of applicants would you expect to have scores of 600 or above? 23. On average, a major earthquake (Richter scale 6.0 or above) occurs 3 times a decade in a certain California county. Find the probability that at least one major earthquake will occur within

Choose a crisis and discuss how the Chinese government handled it Essay

Choose a crisis and discuss how the Chinese government handled it - Essay Example Food became a problem to feed the growing population. This was followed by intervention of the government through acceptance of importation of world food crops such as maize and potatoes to eradicate the problem. The government decided to come up with certain strategies to counter the high growth rate situation in the country. This was evident through family planning strategy. This policy was established in 1980 and stated that each family should give rise to one child. This was applicable in reducing the large growth rate. In return, there was a balance in the population compared to the previous years. Though some people were against the policy, it has reduced the cost of living of the people of China. The latest statistics shows that this policy has cut down the growth rate which was standing at 1.34 billion by 0.57 percent, which was below the replacement rate (Greenhalgh & Winckler, p, 287). In conclusion, it is evident that the Chinese government has adopted the right policy and strategy of controlling the high population. That is why there is perfect regulation of birth and population in

How did Pterosaurs Move on the Ground?

How did Pterosaurs Move on the Ground? The locomotive manner of pterosaurs is a matter of intense dispute in the scientific community. The way that these prehistoric creatures traversed the ground is continually being contested. Did pterosaurs walk how we imagine them to have; on all fours in a semi erect posture, or did they only walk on their hind legs, or on all fours and completely prone? If, in fact, they did walk on all fours, would the feet have been in line with the hands, or would the hands be splayed out much farther than the feet? Because the method of pterosaur locomotion is widely disputed, scientists rely on footprint identification in order to determine if the tracks that they are studying do actually belong to a pterosaur. Unfortunately, even this is a contested issue, as some scientists cant even agree on which tracks belong to which prehistoric creatures. These are all issues that are disputed by scientists, but there does seem to be some common consensus when multiple seemingly conflicting scientific fi ndings are synthesized. The general perception of pterosaurs today is one that is possibly incredibly flawed because of theories about them from the early nineteenth century. Soemmerring confused a juvenile Pterodactylus with what he believed to be the skeleton of a deviant bat in 1817 and Cuviers identified pterosaurs as reptiles in 1812. These ideas have persisted until the modern day so that most people cannot shake the image of a pterosaur as a large, scaly, bat-like creature that walks around on all fours in a semi-erect fashion (Padian, 1983). While this is a possible form of locomotion, there are numerous arguments to the contrary. One of the first writings on pterosaur locomotion on land was Wm. Lee Stokes Pterodactyl Tracks from the Morrison Formation published in 1957. Stokes found a track of nine footprints that he attributed to a pterosaur that he named Pteraichnus Saltwashensis. Since pterodactyls are naturally found near bodies of whatever, its not out of the question that these tracks would belong to one. Stokes claims that the imprint of the manus shows the unique wrist and hand of a pterodactyl and that the imprint of the pes shows the unique V-shape and sharply pointed heel that corresponds unmistakably to that of a pterodactyl. He says that all of this is proof that at least one pterosaur was quadrupedal. Despite the evidence that Stoke says confirms that the creature that made these tracks was a pterosaur; this is one of the most disputed claims in the theory of the ground-level locomotion of pterosaurs. Many scientists believe that these tracks were not made by a pterosaur, but instead by a crocodilian creature. This is a distinct possibility because the tracks of pterosaurs and crocodilians are commonly confused for one another. In The Fossil Trackway Pteraichnus: Not Pterosaurian, but Crocodilian, Kevin Padian and Paul Olsen claim that the tracks that Stokes attributes to Pteraichnus Saltwashensis are more likely the product of one of the four species of crocodilian known to have inhabited that area. They say that the pes is not unique to pterodactyloids, as crocodiles also exhibit four toes and a V-shaped heel. Also, they claim that the manus does not consist of four digits, but five, even though the impression of all five is not clearly preserved. Another distinguishing feature is that crocodiles are plantigrade and therefore the heel print would be visible, as it is in these tracks. This is opposed to the digitigrade nature of pterosaurs, which would cause the heel print to be excluded from the footprint. Padian and Olsen claim that the manner of movement that the footprints represent is completely different than the kind that Stokes claims created them. Stokes suggested that the depth of the depression created by the manus was due to a large wing knuckle. Padian and Olsen argue that this is not the case, and that the depression was actually caused by the force of the step and the incompetence of the substrate that led to the creation of the fossilized track. One of Padian and Olsens points is refuted in Terrestrial Locomotion of the Pterosaurs: A Reconstruction Based on Pteraichnus Trackways, published in 1997 by S. Cristopher Bennett. Padian and Olsen claim that by using Bairds method, they were able to determine that the length of the body that made the tracks was too long to be that of a pterosaur, but long enough to be a short crocodile. Bennetts refutation of this point rests on the idea that Bairds method was intended to be used on tracks created simultaneously and that this was not the condition under which the tracks in contention were created. Whether this refutation is credible or not is of little importance. Padian and Olsens assertion that the Pteraichnus tracks were actually created by a crocodilian, and that they back it up with plausible scientific hypotheses, casts enough doubt on Stokes original claim to make these tracks inadmissible in determining how pterosaurs moved on land. The primary reason for the possible mistak e that these crocodilian tracks were created by a pterosaur, according to Padians 1983 paper, A Functional Analysis of Flying and Walking in Pterosaurs, is that Owen suspend[ed] the principles of comparative anatomy [and drew] spurious comparisons between pterosaur structures and those of lizards and crocodiles [as well as] misrepresenting the work of H. von Meyer, the German authority on pterosaurs. This paper offers an in depth analysis of the way a pterosaur would move on land based entirely on its bone structure. Padians primary subject of analysis is a Pteranodon, which he claims, among other things, was an active flyer, meaning that it flapped its wings. Padian claims that a pterosaur would walk upright on two legs as opposed to any form of quadripedal motion. He compares pterosaurs to both birds and bats throughout the paper. He attempts to show that the attributes that pterosaurs share with either birds or bats, or both of them, would prevent a pterosaur from being capable of quadrupedal locomotion. Padian says that the forelimb of the pterosaur was adapted entirely for flying and not for quadrupedal walking. The humerus bone of the forearm was adapted for the type of movement that facilitated a down-and-forward flapping motion, since Padian claims that pterosaurs were active flyers, and not for the rotation of the humerus that would protract the forearm to facilitate terrestrial walking. Moving down the arm, the elbow joint in birds, bats, and pterosaurs are what allow for rotation. In bats, this allows for quadrapedal walking but, in both birds and pterosaurs, it has hindered articulation to the extent of turning their limbs into pulley-like hinges with a wide arc of movement possible in only one plane (Padian 1983, 227). Padian claims that the differences in the shape of humeral heads in pterosaurs were even more restrictive in the pterosaurs range of motion than it is in birds. The delto-pectoral crest in pterosaurs was pronounced and twisted along the axis of the shaft, whi ch caused the deltoideus muscle to actually reverse the rotation of the humerus that was initiated by the pectoralis muscles as the pterosaur made a downward stroke while in flight. This reversal in rotation prohibited the forelimb from being moved into the proper position to facilitate its placement on the ground and therefore any form of quadrupedal locomotion. Ultimately, Padian asserts, the structure of the forelimbs of pterosaurs prevented them from walking quadrapedally. They were incapable of parasagittal movement over the ground because of restrictions imposed on them from their bone and muscular structures. The structure of the hind legs of pterosaurs that are included in Padians argument for a bipedal pterosaur is equally as important as the structure of the forelimbs. Padian bases his argument on a pterosaur thats wing was not attached to its hind legs and the idea that despite the relatively small size of the legs of a pterosaur when compared to the rest of its body and specifically its forelimbs, it would still have been able to, and in fact been solely capable of, bipedal locomotion on its hind limbs. Padian reconstructs the pelvis and hip joints of a pterosaur to show that certain elements of its anatomy would prevent it from bending forward in a way that would enable quadrupedal locomotion. He says that there are two girdles surrounding the point where the femur is inserted into the hip that restricts the degree of rotation of the leg so that it would be impossible to move in any way other than bipedally. Padian uses a Pteranodon as his case study for a pterosaur with an extremely large upper body and a relatively small lower body that is still able to walk on the ground. He says that the reason the forelimbs are so large is because the mass of the Pteranodon necessitated expansive wings to provide the appropriate amount of lift while airborne. The size of the wings, though, is not correlated to the size of the legs. The surface area of the wings needed to increase at a rate of L^3/L^2 when compared to the size of the body. The disproportionate lengthening of the wing afforded a greater relative area that allowed the Pteranodon to achieve flight. On the other hand, the Pteranodons legs are not restricted to the same ratio. The legs can be, and are, significantly smaller than the body that theyre supporting without compromising the Pteranodons terrestrial locomotive abilities. In fact, the size of the Pteranodons hind limbs in relation to the size of the rest of its body is comparable to the relationship between the hind limbs and bodies of all other pterosaurs. Padian compares the bone structure of the hind limbs of pterosaurs to the bone structure of the hind limbs in modern birds. He says that, like in birds, the tibia is the main load-bearing bone in the leg. He claims that the femur had a position that ranged between slightly above horizontal to about forty-five degrees below it and that this orientation allowed for the tibia to move on a parasagittal plane. This essentially means that pterosaurs moved on the ground like most other bipedal dinosaurs. Padians ultimate claim is that pterosaur hind limbs were designed for bipedal, digitigrade, locomotion when they were moving on the ground. He even suggests that it was possible for pterosaurs to achieve high rates of speed on the ground. S. Christopher Bennett is another proponent of the upright, bipedal form of terrestrial locomotion among pterosaurs, but only among the larger pterodactyloids. He exams the acetabulum of Anhanguera, Pteranodon, and Dsungaripterus in A Pterodectyloid Pterosaur Pelvis from the Santana Formation of Brazil: Implications for Terrestrial Locomotion, published in 1990, and determines that its strongest part is the anterior wall. He suggests that the strength of this anterior wall allows for upright bipedal locomotion because the acetabulum becomes a downward facing component of the anatomy. This downward orientation allows for a large area of contact for the head of the femur and, therefore, the weight of the body of the pterosaur can be supported in an upright position. Bennett refutes three arguments that are often leveled against bipedal locomotion in pterosaurs. He says that the femora bone could, in fact, have been brought underneath the body of the pterosaur, which is demonstrated by AMNH 22569. Secondly, that the hind limbs of the pterosaurs had straight femurs with distinct, inturned heads, mesotarsal ankles without a calcaneal tuber, and a foot with elongated metatarsals. Finally, he argues that the preservation of pterosaurs, in a position with their hind limbs splayed to the sides, a position that has caused many scientists to claim that theyre incapable of bipedal locomotion, is a false supposition. He notes five specimens that were preserved with their hind limbs on one side of the body, and argues that the splayed nature of the other specimens is due to greater hip flexibility in pterosaurs. Bennetts inclusion of the fossilized remains of pterosaurs in his argument for bipedal locomotion among the larger pterodactyloids is particularly convincing. He makes up for one of the key elements that Padians argument was missing, in that he actually gives concrete physical evidence to support his argument instead of supposed anatomical construction and the type of movement that that structure would or would not allow. One thing that Padians analysis of the terrestrial movement of pterosaurs lack is the actual fossilized track that a pterosaur made. While the supposed structure of the bones may lead one to believe that Padians claims are accurate, there are numerous pterosaur tracks that indicate a quadrupedal form of locomotion among pterosaurs. The majority of the studies included in this paper have focused on larger pterosaurs, and mostly on the Pteranodon. This particular pterosaur shares a large amount of its anatomy with modern birds and it makes sense that, from an analysis paying the majority of its attention to this pterosaur, they would all seem to be bipedal. There is evidence in other fossils, though, that would say otherwise. Pterosaurs, depending on the kind they were, were either bipedal or quadrupedal. Bennetts refutation of Padian and Olsens crocodilian diagnosis of the Pteraichnus tracks contains very valid points concerning the way that pterosaurs could have possibly walked in a quadrupedal manner. He says specifically that rhamphorhyncoids, the earlier variation of pterosaurs, as well as small pterodactyloids were quadrupeds with plantigrade pedes (Bennett, 1997). He says that the model he constructed of Pterydactylus and that, along with other detailed studies and manipulations of other three-dimensionally preserved pterosaur specimens, the limb and girdle joints would have easily allowed for the range of motion necessary for a pterosaur to achieve a quadrupedal walking motion. Bennett cites the Pteraichnus saltwashensis tracks as being representative of a quadrupedal pterosaur, which was disavowed earlier in this paper. He validly examines the tracks of Pteraichnus stokesi that were discovered in the Sundance Formation of Wyoming as well as pterosaur tracks from the Upper Jurassic of France. These trackways show manus and pes prints that are clearly pterosaurian. This indicates that there were certain species of pterosaur located in these areas that were quadrupedal. All of Bennetts are based on the principle of identifying the tracks as pterosaurian based on the structure of the manus and pes. Another piece of research that proves that quadrupedal locomotion was present in pterosaurs is First Record of a Pterosaur Landing Trackway, published in 2009 by Jean-Michel Mazin, Jean-Paul Billon-Bruyat, and Kevin Padian. The tracks that they are examining are clearly the landing pattern of a pterosaur because they originate with two pes prints and then continue on in a walking pattern. They claim that the stance of the pterosaur was erect because the pedes tracks are placed almost directly below the hip joints. After the first impression of the pedes, the second impression includes both pedes and manus impressions. The impressions of the manus are splayed out wider than pes, which is the generally accepted idea of how a pterosaur would ambulate. The tracks, not only created by a flying creature, are located in the Late Jurassic site known as Pterosaur Beach, which is a place universally agreed upon to contain unquestionable pterosaur tracks. Therefore, the landing pattern and subs equent tracks, that clearly show quadrupedal locomotion, prove that at least some pterosaurs moved in this way on the ground. The debate surrounding the terrestrial locomotion of pterosaurs can be broken down into many categories and subdivisions. Its clearly that one form of locomotion, whether it be bipedal, quadrupedal, plantigrade, digitigrade, erect, semi-erect, or any other distinction, cannot be used to define every single pterosaur that ever existed. This is similar to the idea that one form of locomotion cannot be used to describe every dinosaur that ever existed. There is variation between species of pterosaurs. The larger pterosaurs seem to be generally more bird-like and more inclined to quadrupedal locomotion. The Pteranodon, specifically, almost definitely was a biped. Its wing structure was the most similar to that of a bird (Padian, 1983), and its two hind limbs were more than sufficient for bothing locomotion and launching off from the ground in order to initiate flight. Smaller pterosaurs, on the other hand seem to be more similar in locomotive method to the general perception of how pterosaurs moved, in a kind of quadrupedal crawl. The tracks found at Pterosaur Beach, and if actually created by a pterosaur, those of Pteraichnus saltwashensis, prove that at least some smaller pterosaurs were quadrupedal. In conclusion, any attempt to define the entire order of Pterosauria as quadrupedal or bipedal is an exercise in futility. The larger pterosaurs, such as Pteranodon, were bipedal, which is apparent based on their wing and leg structures. They would have been unable to move their forelimbs into a position that would allow them to place them on the ground and the mobility of their hind limbs allowed only for bipedal locomotion. Smaller pterosaurs, such as Pteraichnus stokes, were definitely quadrupedal in terms of locomotion since there have been numerous tracks found confirming this idea. Works Cited Bennett, S. (1990). A Pterodactyloid Pterosaur Pelvis from the Santana Formation of Brazil: Implications for Terrestrial Locomotion. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 10(1), 80-85. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4523298 Bennett, S. (1997). Terrestrial Locomotion of Pterosaurs: A Reconstruction Base on Pteraichnus Trackways. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 17(1), 104-113. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4523790 Mazin, J., Billon-Bruyat, J., Padian, K. (2009). First Record of a Pterosaur Landing Trackway. Proceedings: Biological Sciences, 276(1674), 3881-3886. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30245351 Padian, K. (1983). A Functional Analysis of Flying and Walking in Pterosaurs. Paleobiology, 9(3), 218-239. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/2400656 Padian, K., Olsen, P. (1984). The Fossil Trackway Pteraichnus: Not Pterosaurian, but Crocodilian. Journal of Paleontology, 58(1), 178-184. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1304743 Sà ¡nchez-Hernà ¡ndez, B., Przewieslik, A., Benton, M. (2009). A Reassessment of the Pteraichnus Ichnospecies from the Early Cretaceous of Soria Province, Spain. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 29(2), 487-497. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/20627057 Wm. Lee Stokes. (1957). Pterodactyl Tracks from the Morrison Formation. Journal of Paleontology, 31(5), 952-954. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/1300563 Drug Abuse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Research Proposal Drug Abuse in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia | Research Proposal BACKGROUND STUDY Drug abuse is a cause of concern to all nations around the world either in developing countries and undeveloped countries and in both cases the most affected are the youth,. Due to the rapid increase in drug related crime and drug abusers in Asian countries, the establishment of effective countermeasures for demand and supply reduction are a pressing issue. And if they are all left out to be addicted to dangerous narcotics, it can lead to all social ills like road accidents, high crime rates, unplanned pregnancies, school dropouts and many more which may result in fracturing the moral fibre of the country and eventually the nation will be without prominent future leaders. The abuse of drugs has an adverse impact, not only on the individual abuser, but also on the economy and society of a country as a whole. According to Scorzelli JF, (2009) despite the heavy punishment of death imposed by the Malaysian government for whoever is caught in drug possession, within the last five years, the Malaysian drug abuse problem has escalated. This has led to the increase in social ills like HIV/AIDS which is contracted by the use of IV-Heroin. He continued to state that 93.7% of people caught in drug possession are male aged between 20-29 years of age. This clearly shows that our youth are in dire need of thorough drug and peer education. The National Anti-Drug Agency has been on track to get rid of the drug problem in Malaysia by 2015. When interviewed by the New Straits Times (2010, February) the director-general Datuk Abdul Bakir Zin has pointed out that they have helped out around the country to bring addicts to their rehabilitation centre. He has said that the centre spends around RM 300 million which is their annual budget which is nearly spent on prevention, treatment, rehabilitation of addicts and enforcement operations. Addicts are kept for two years and they are released but some of them go back to their bad habits. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Drug abuse has led to an alarming increase of social ills in the society like HIV/AIDS contraction , road accidents and many more which have resulted in the collapse of the moral fibre of the nation. The medical and psychological effects are very obvious. Addicts cannot function as normal members of society. They neglect or abuse their families, and eventually require expensive treatment or hospitalization. Huge police resources are needed to fight smuggling and dealing. Criminal gangs and mafia underworlds develop with the money from drugs. However the main target should be the user. Families and counsellors need to talk to children and people at risk. The fact that the youth is the most affected especially in Malaysia poses a great concern because the youth are the future leaders of tomorrow. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The specific study of the study is to find ways and methods to educate the people of Malaysia especially the youth about the dangers posed by the abuse of drugs. This initiative itself can lead to positive results such as reduced number of drug abusers therefore leading to a low numbers of social ills such as HIV contractions and crime. There should be a diversion programme for drug abusers which can be institutional or community based. RESEARCH QUESTIONS To justify this study, the researcher will investigate the following matters: How many cases of illicit drugs were registered from 2006 to 2011 in Malaysia How individuals are affected psychologically, physically and economically by the abuse of drugs Does the government play a role in reducing the problem of drug abuse? SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY Generally the study of drug abuse phenomenon that is widely occurring in Malaysia will be an endeavour in promoting a much healthy lifestyle that is a drug -free society. Drug-free society means a lot to a country of about 28,310,000 people. It means less crime such as road accidents, thefts and murders, less HIV AIDS positive, less people in the narcotics rehabilitations centre and more manpower in order to bring Malaysia towards becoming a fully developed country. By understanding the main source of the problems, we can all move together to cure as well as to prevent further advance of this spreading illness in our community. The Malaysian psychiatric association (July 6 2006) has cited that when pregnant women abuse drugs there may be foetal abnormalities especially when the pregnancy is early. These deformities may cause the mother to dump the baby, a crime which is currently on the rise in Malaysia. If the drug was used late in the pregnancy may become dependent on opiates, and may later show withdrawal symptoms after delivery. The United Nations Aids (2010) on their report have pointed out that an estimated 170,000 injecting drug users (IDUs). In those users most of them share the needles therefore there is increased spread of the diseases such as HIV/AIDS because likely they do not sterilise such needles. Moreover, this study will reveal most of things behind these drug abuse cases, therefore will significantly boost the awareness of the community about the cases of drug abuse in this country simultaneously contribute in reducing such cases in community. SCOPE OF THE REPORT We undertook the task of reviewing all studies describing the impact of drug abuse at Kuala Lumpur. The population of interest includes injection drug users, and non-injection drug users of heroin, cocaine and marijuana, because these groups of individuals have been identified as having a biological risk of exposure to addictive drug use, including deadly exposure (via injection drug use) to blood-borne via sharing of straws or pipes used to administer drugs (non-injection drug use). Data from questionnaires are analyzed separately, as they different substantially form interview data, and because their drug-related risk factors are quite different and not elaborated further. Another goal is to examine the influence of study methodology on study findings, particularly because the descriptive data may be strongly influenced by sampling methods, and because study design may affect associations between various characteristics and drug use. Since the brand data collection was carried out using information collected from various associations, access to each data was time consuming. We also do not have any compiled data of approved unregistered drug users making the task very complicated. Such database may be hard to acquire as most drug users choose to stay in the dark as they know there is a capital punishment for such a crime. OPERATIONAL DEFINITION Drugs A medicine or other substance which has a physiological effect when ingested or otherwise introduced into the body Abuse To use something to bad effect or for a bad purpose Addict A person who is addicted to a particular substance Rehabilitation Restore to former privileges CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0 Introduction In the literature review we compare and contrast studies done by other people and we note how different they are from ours. We have read journals, books and articles in Science Direct. In this chapter we are able to expand our knowledge on how other writers view the issue at hand. We have displayed various ways of the data we found, either by citing using the APA format, images and tables. 2.1 Literature Review By the year 1983, the problem of drugs was declared a national emergency by the Malaysian government. Everyone convicted of trafficking and those caught with the drugs depending on the amount of drugs they had in their possession were sentenced to death, those were some of the ways the government was trying to solve the problem but if someone was convicted of only for possession of drugs he/she was put in a rehabilitation centre for 2 years. Once realised from the centre, the individual has one year of probation were he or she has two urine tests a month. Drug, taken from Cambridge Dictionaries Online, falls into two categories which are medicine and illegal substance. In the medicine category, the word drug means any natural or artificially made chemical which is used as a medicine while in the category of illegal substance, drug means any natural or artificially made chemical which is taken for pleasure, to improve someones performance of an activity, or because a person cannot stop using it. The latter meanings actually portraying the main interest in this study which is the action of drug abuse, which by the same source, abuse means to use or treat someone or something wrongly or badly, especially in a way that is to your own advantage. This unhealthy phenomenon is actually a worldwide crisis and can bring along a great impact in ones life, consequently a community, and then will affect the growth of a country. Some said that this crisis is the same age as humankind. It is in our nature that we like to consume things that bring us pleasure and being in the state of euphoria. However, we must first consider the side effects of the consumption of such substances. There was enormous number of researches that had been carried out in order to suppress or banish this crisis all over the world. There are ups and downs for the trends of the drug abuse cases but it had never been ceased completely. Kuala Lumpur as a busy place, most of the inhabitants need drugs to cope with the fast life. These drugs can be addictive substances such as heroine, alcohol, and ecstasy pills. The research by the Malaysian Psychiatric Association (2006), showed that the brain is affected by the consumed drugs. The left part of the brain is affected is called the reward pathway. Continued use of drugs short-circuits the reward pathway and that how addiction starts. The brain will then need more and more large quantities of the substance taken over time. The brain chemistry is altered at this point, therefore behavioural patterns starts here. Drugs like cocaine can lead to permanent damage, death and even addition. From the article adapted from RECOVERY NOW website on cocaine effects, it is stated that there are two different categories of cocaine effect. These effects are said to be long termed and short termed .Regardless of how many times a person uses cocaine even once! heshe experiences short-term cocaine effects which includes increased blood pressure, mental alertness, increased heart rate, decreased appetite and increased body temperature .The long term effects appear after increased periods of use. Long term effects include irritability, mood disturbances and restlessness. Marijuana is also one of the most commonly abused drug and according to the American Council For Drug Education they describe it as a mild hallucinogen with some alcohols depressant which results in bronchitis, emphysema and bronchial asthma. They also continue to stress that marijuana leads to reduction of learning ability which is one of the reasons why most students who smoke marijuana end up performing badly at school as it limits the capability to absorb information as it is highly addictive. In an addiction state a person engages in a compulsive behaviour, even when faced with challenging life situations. Taking a look at the fast life in Kuala Lumpur a lot of challenges are faced by the youth there, these include unemployment, loss of a loved one or poverty. These situations can cause you to excessively use drugs to suppress such hurt felt within. The National Anti-Drug Agency (New Straits 12 February 2010) has used over RM 300 million annually to prevent, treat, and rehabilitate addicts. They are trying to achieve the goal for a drug-free Malaysia in 2015 and drug-free Malaysian schools in 2012. The director of the agency Datuk Abdul Bakir Zin has mentioned that there is an alarming rate of drug abusers on the increase. The agency successfully rehabilitated 11 395 addicts in 2009 but only 51% of the addicts are clean now. That shows that the drug addicts do not have enough out of rehab education. B.Vicknasigngam, M.Mazlan, K.S Schotchfield , M.C Chawaski(2009),stated that heroin and injection drug are the major public health risk cases recorded in Malaysia. Furthermore they continue to state from their findings, between the year 1998 and 2006 individuals close to 300 000 individuals were registered as persistent drug abusers in Malaysia. In between the years 1998-2006 heroin was the main primary drug abused around 62.6% of those were registered. And this caused a main concern for the Malaysian government as it lead to increase in social ills like road accidents and also the rise in HIV contraction as the drug abusers shared the same needle hence the spread of the virus was induced. Despite the Malaysian strict law on use of illegal drugs people still continue to use the illegal drugs and have even gone to an extent of making it into a business to finance their lifestyle. The law clearly states that any person found in possession of at least 15 grams of heroin, 200 grams of cannabis is presumed. The National Drug Agency, Malaysia in 2006 around 22,811 drugs users was recorded and 12,430 of whom were repeat offenders. They also stress that the total number of drug users recorded for the period of 1998-2006 is 300,241 people which constitutes to 1.1% of the Malaysians population. CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY 3.1 Introduction The introduction highlights the data collection methods which were used to gather information which enabled us to reach our conclusion. One of the vital aspects we looked into was the validity and reliability of the data collection methods that we decided to use. In our research we found that the ideal data collection methods that we can use are the questionnaire and interview for analysis Questionnaires are very cost effective when compared to face-to-face interviews. This is especially true for studies involving large sample sizes and large geographic areas. Written questionnaires become even more cost effective as the number of research questions increases. Questionnaires are easy to analyze. Data entry and tabulation for nearly all surveys can be easily done with many computer software packages. Nearly everyone has had some experience completing questionnaires and they generally do not make people apprehensive and they reduce bias. The researchers own opinions will not influence the respondent to answer questions in a certain manner. There are no verbal or visual clues to influence the respondent. When a respondent receives a questionnaire in the mail, he is free to complete the questionnaire on his own time-table. Unlike other research methods, the respondent is not interrupted by the research instrument. Some of the reasons why questionnaires are widely used as data collection method in reports and projects in the fact that the responses are gathered in a standardised way so questions are more objective, certainly more so than interviews, generally it is relatively quick to collect information using questionnaires and information can be collected from a large portion of a group. For our research a questionnaire, written both in English and Malay consisting of A3 size pages was sent to different agencies/organizations which were requested to answer it. The main contents of the questionnaire included; Prevention of drug abuse Outline organizations handling drug abuse problem Institutional treatment programmes for drug abusers Outline drug control laws Interviews are also one of the most convenient ways of data collection for reports projects and investigations as they provide first hand information from the correspondent. The interview is also flexible in the since that follow up questions can be asked, also clarity of the question can be made if the respondent does not understand. Even though it has overwhelming advantages one of its major problems maybe that the correspondent may feel like shy to give out information and in that case the interviewer can solve the problem by assuring the correspondent that whatever he/she is being interviewed for will be considered confidential at all costs. For our research, interviews were conducted with the relevant agencies/organizations. Firstly we set an appointment with them and informing them of our objectives.